![]() ![]() The Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan The Virginia Plan called for more completely changing the government, where the New Jersey Plan more just wanted to amend the Articles. The Principle of Checks and Balances Because of the elaborate planning that went into balancing the branches of government, it made it difficult for the government to become tyrannical. "Vices of the Political System of the United States" Listed many of the issues with the current form and structure of the US government and how they should go about fixing it. James Madison Earned the title "Father of the Constitution" after being very involved with creating the new structure of government for the republic. The Constitutional Convention Delegates from the states gathered in 1787 to reform the Articles of Confederation in light of the rebellions happening in the nation because of the ineffectiveness of the Articles. ![]() Shay's Rebellion Farmers in the western part of Massachusetts violently opposed the high taxes that had been levied by the eastern-dominated legislature to pay off war debts. They also requested a larger Constitutional Convention to be held in Philadelphia so that reform could be made. The Annapolis Convention Five states debated and discussed a consensus about reversing the protectionist trade barriers that each state had. However, they also received the long-sought acknowledgement from the US of their rights to the soil. The United States gained the right to settle much of what was to become Ohio, the indigenous peoples retaining only the Northwest corner of the region. The Treaty of Greensville Gave each side a portion of what it wanted. The Battle of Fallen Timbers Under the command of General Anthony Wayne, the new army attacked and defeated the confederacy in August 1794 near present day Toledo, Ohio. ![]() Little Turtle Leader of the Miami Confederacy who defeated General Josiah Harmar in major battled near the present border between Indiana and Ohio. The Northwest Ordinances Contained a bill of rights guaranteeing settlers freedom of religion, and the right to a jury trial, forbidding cruel and unusual punishments, and nominally prohibiting slavery. The Treaties of Fort Stanwix and Hopewell Both negotiations with Native American tribes Fort Stanwix with the Iroquois Confederacy, Hopewell with the Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Cherokees. Articles IV and V of the 1783 Treaty of Paris Article IV promised the repayment of war debts (mostly owed by Americans to British merchants) and Article V recommending that states allow loyalists to recover their confiscated property. The Articles of Confederation Basically the first version of the Constitution, but it proved ineffective because they limited the federal government to such an extent that they couldn't regulate anything, thus leading to the "official" federal Constitution to be made in 1787. Although each state's differed, they all had one central concern: limiting the governmental power. Post-revolutionary state constitutions Even before the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, the Second Continental Congress ordered the states to draft constitutions. Benjamin Banneker Free black surveyor, astronomer, and mathematical genius who disputed Jefferson's claims that blacks were inferior in both body and mind by sending him a copy of Banneker's new almanac including his astronomical notes to prove to Jefferson that blacks had just enough mental capability as whites. The African Methodist Episcopal Founded by former slaves, this denomination sponsored schools in a number of cities and, along with some other religious African American church groups, the cultural centers of the free black community. The Brown Fellowship Society Provided insurance coverage for its members, financed a school, and helped to support orphans. "The First Emancipation" When governments began to realize the contradiction stated above, the Northern states gradually abolished slavery and became known as "The First Emancipation". Revolutionary Ideology versus Slavery Because of the contradiction that "All men are created equal" and that African Americans were being enslaved, many African Americans used that as a tool in their fight for freedom. She used ideas originally developed to combat Parliamentary supremacy to call for more legal rights for women. Abigail Adams Expressed ideas of the role of women in the new republic. ![]()
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